ABSTRACT
Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffaL.) is natural source of valuable components such as phenolics, flavonoids and anthocyanins. Anthocyaninis normally used in the food technology to replace synthetic pigments as well as medicinal properties due to antioxidants. Microwave irradiation is a feasible green solvent extraction method receiving great attention as it utilizes solvent at elevated temperature and controlled pressure conditions. Microwave extraction emerges as a promising inexpensive, simple and efficient technique. In our research, various variable like microwave power (20, 40, 60, 80, 100 W), microwave frequency (10, 20, 30, 40, 50 GHz), the micrwave irradiation duration (5, 10, 15, 20, 25 min), liquid to solid ratio (water: material, 2:1, 3:1, 4:1, 5:1, 6:1), extraction temperature (50, 55, 60, 65, 70C), number of extraction cycles (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) influencing to the microwave-assisted extraction of phytochemicals in roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.)calyx were thoroughly examined. Total total phenolic (mg GAE/ 100g), total flavonoid (mg GE/ 100g), anthocyanin (mg/100g) were key indicators to define the optimal variable. Our resultsrevealed that microwave power at 80 W, frequency 40 GHz, duration 15 min, liquid to solid ratio 4:1, temperature 55C, 4 cycles of extraction were appropriate for extraction of phytochemical components inside roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.)calyx
ABSTRACT
Background: Hibiscus sabdariffa L. or Roselle, is one of the most common flower plants cultivated worldwide. Traditionally, it is claimed to reduce weight and cholesterol level. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of anthocyanin-rich Roselle aqueous extract on the physical, biochemical and histological changes in obese-hypercholesterolaemic rat model.Methods: Thirty Sprague-Dawley male rats were divided into five groups (n=6 per group). Group 1 is normal control (NC) rat that was fed with normal diet. The remaining rats (Group 2-5) were fed with commercial high-fat diet (HFD) for 6 weeks to induce obese-hypercholesterolaemic (OH) rat. After induction, the OH rats were divided into 4 groups: OH-Untreated group, OH-ARTE; OH treated with 300 mg/kg Roselle aqueous (anthocyanin-rich) and 1% trifluoroacetic acid extract (ARTE), OH-Orlistat; OH treated with 37 mg/kg orlistat and OH-Atorvastatin; OH treated with 10 mg/kg atorvastatin. After the 3 weeks intervention period, all rats were sacrificed. Body mass index, lipid profile and liver enzymes were evaluated. The liver section was subjected to hematoxylin and eosin staining for histopathological evaluation.Results: This study showed that 3 weeks administration of ARTE significantly reduced BMI, improved levels of lipid profile and liver enzymes, and histopathological changes of liver when compared to OH-untreated rats. The results were also comparable to the standard drugs.Conclusions: This study suggested that Roselle extract constitutes an effective and safe alternate treatment for obesity and hyperlipidaemia.
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCCIÓN: a nivel mundial Hibiscus sabdariffa, es reconocida por sus múltiples beneficios a la salud gracias a su contenido de compuestos bioactivos, representando una alternativa en el tratamiento de enfermedades crónicas y degenerativas. OBJETIVOS: el estudio tuvo como objetivo, comparar la concentración de fenoles totales, flavonoides, presencia de antocianinas y capacidad antioxidante en extractos acuosos de cálices y hojas comercializadas en mercados populares de la ciudad de Maracay, Venezuela. MÉTODOS: por triplicados y bajo las mismas condiciones se realizaron las extracciones de los compuestos bioactivos en cada material vegetal, empleándose para la determinación de fenoles totales el método de Follin-Ciocalteu, método Marinova y método diferencial de pH para antocianinas. La actividad antioxidante se evaluó por los métodos DPPH, FRAP y ABTS. RESULTADOS: se encontró diferencia estadísticamente significativa en la concentración de fenoles totales, flavonoides y presencia de antocianinas en cálices y hojas (p≤0,05).La actividad antioxidante fue superior en los cálices en todos los métodos empleados y con diferencia estadística en comparación a las hojas (p≤0,05). CONCLUSIONES: si bien los cálices son consumidos con frecuencia en bebidas frías y calientes, las hojas también representan una fuente de compuestos con capacidad antioxidantes, lo que podría incorporarse en la dieta diaria.
INTRODUCTION: worldwide, Hibiscus sabdariffa is recognized for its multiple health benefits thanks to its bioactive compound content, representing an alternative in the treatment of chronic and degenerative diseases. OBJECTIVES: the objective of the study was to compare the concentration of total phenols, flavonoids, presence of anthocyanins and antioxidant capacity in aqueous extracts of calyxes and leaves commercialized in popular markets in the city of Maracay, Venezuela. METHODS: extractions of bioactive compounds in each plant material were performed in triplicate and under the same conditions. The Follin-Ciocalteu method, Marinova method and differential pH method for anthocyanins were used to determine total phenols. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH, FRAP and ABTS methods. RESULTS: a statistically significant difference was found in the concentration of total phenols, flavonoids and presence of anthocyanins in calyxes and leaves (p≤0.05). The antioxidant activity was higher in calyxes in all methods used and with statistical difference compared to leaves (p≤0.05). CONCLUSIONS: although calyxes are frequently consumed in hot and cold beverages, leaves also represent a source of compounds with antioxidant capacity, which could be incorporated into the daily diet.
Subject(s)
Plants , Health , Hibiscus , Phenols , TherapeuticsABSTRACT
Introducción: A nivel mundial el consumo Hibiscus sabdariffa, ha venido creciendo gracias a su contenido rico en compuestos bioactivos como flavonoides y antocianinas. Por medio de sus cálices ha sido utilizada para prevenir y tratar enfermedades degenerativas como el cáncer, anomalías cardiovasculares e hiperlipidemia. Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto antioxidante de un extracto de H. sabdariffa, por medio del ensayo de oxidación de lipoproteínas de baja densidad (LDL) aisladas de plasma sanguíneo. Métodos: Se emplearon cálices deshidratados obtenidos de un cultivo propio, obteniendo un extracto acuso bajo condiciones similares a la forma de consumo habitual. Se determino el contenido de fenoles totales empleando el método de Folin-Ciocalteu. Caracterizado el extracto se evaluó su actividad antioxidante por el ensayo de oxidación de LDL, obtenida de una muestra sanguínea de tres pacientes sin hiperlipidemia. Resultados: Se evidenció una inhibición de la oxidación de LDL estadísticamente significativa del extracto y su respectivo al control en cada una de las muestras ( p<0,05). Conclusiones: estos resultados respaldan que H. sabdariffa, es una alternativa real en el control de la hiperlipidemia y reducción de la oxidación de las LDL, responsable de la formación de la placa de ateroma a nivel de las arterias. Sin embargo el consumo de esta planta debe hacerse bajo condiciones controlados y guiadas por especialistas a fin de obtener los resultados deseados
Introduction: Worldwide consumption Hibiscus sabdariffa, has been growing thanks to its high content rich in bioactive compounds such as flavonoids and anthocyanins. Through its calyces it has been used to prevent and treat degenerative diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular abnormalities, and hyperlipidemia. Objective: To evaluate the antioxidant effect of an extract of H. sabdariffa, by means of the low-density lipoprotein oxidation (LDL) assay. Methods: Dehydrated chalices obtained from an own culture were used, obtaining an acuso extract under conditions similar to the usual consumption. The total phenol content was determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu method. Characterized the extract, its antioxidant activity was evaluated by the LDL oxidation test, obtained from a blood sample from three patients without hyperlipidemia. Results: A statistically significant inhibition of LDL oxidation of the extract and its respective control was evidenced in each of the samples (p <0.05). Conclusions: these results demonstrate that H. sabdariffa is a real alternative in the control of hyperlipidemia and reduction of oxidation of LDL, responsible for the formation of atheroma plaque at the level of the arteries. However, the consumption of this plant must be done under controlled conditions and guided by specialists in order to obtain the desired results.
Subject(s)
Humans , Hibiscus , Phenols , Plaque, Atherosclerotic , AntioxidantsABSTRACT
RESUMEN El fácil acceso y preparación de bebidas a base de Hibiscus sabdariffa L. representa una alternativa en el tratamiento de enfermedades crónicas y degenerativas. El estudio tuvo como objetivo comparar la contracción de fenoles totales y flavonoides en cálices de Hibiscus sabdariffa L., de una marca comercial y otra sin permiso sanitario. Para la determinación de fenoles totales se utilizó el método de Folin-Ciocalteu y método colorimétrico de Marinova para flavonoides. Se encontró una diferencia estadísticamente significativa (p<0,05) en la concentración de fenoles totales y flavonoides. Estos resultados demuestran que existen factores que condicionan el contenido de compuestos fenólicos, flavonoides y otros compuestos bioactivos.
SUMMARY The easy access and preparation of drinks based on Hibiscus sabdariffa L. represents an alternative in the treatment of chronic and degenerative diseases. The objective of the study was to compare the contraction of total phenols and flavonoids in chalices of Hibiscus sabdariffa L., of one commercial brand and another without sanitary permission. For the determination of total phenols, the Folin-Ciocalteu method and the Marinova colorimetric method for flavonoids were used. A statistically significant difference (p<0.05) was found in the concentration of total phenols and flavonoids. These results show that there are factors that condition the content of phenolic compounds, flavonoids in chalices and other bioactive compounds.
ABSTRACT
Extracts of Hibiscus sabdariffa (HS) and Azadirachta indica (AI) are widely used in Nigeria for medicinal purposes and have also been shown to affect weight changes anecdotally through mechanisms not yet defined. There are reports of decreased food consumption and weight gain in rats consuming HS extracts as the drinking solutions but there is paucity of data on the effect of these two extracts, administered by gavage, on weight changes during pregnancy and lactation. This study was therefore designed to investigate this in relation to food and fluid intake. 40 pregnant rats weighing 150-200 g were used for this study. They were divided into three groups: control, HS and AI groups. HS and AI groups were subdivided into two subgroups of low and high doses. Extract administration was orally by gavage and commenced on day 1 of pregnancy and ended on postnatal day 21. Food and fluid consumption were monitored throughout pregnancy and lactation. The results showed that the aqueous extract of HS and AI increased consumption of food and fluid during pregnancy and lactation, increased maternal weight gain during pregnancy and lactation. From the results of the present study, it can be concluded that consumption of aqueous extracts of HS and AI during pregnancy and lactation increased fluid and food intake and weight gain of dams with a possible potential to accelerate weight loss or decrease postpartum weight retention during lactation.
ABSTRACT
Hibiscus sabdariffais a common garden plant native to warm-temperate, subtropical and tropical regions throughout the world, used in traditional medicine. It is mostly cultivated for its flowers. The calyces are used as a refrigerant in form of tea (especially in making the sorrel drink popularly known as ‘zobo’ in Nigeria), jellies and jam.Aim:This study evaluates the effects of aqueous leaves extract of Hibiscus sabdariffaon the body, testis weight, histology of the testes and sperm parameter of adultmale Wistar rats.Methodology: Twenty-five adult male wistar rats of 10-12 weeks and weighing about 120-140g were divided into four groups (A, B, C and D) (five rats / group), Group A was kept as control andB, C, D were administered 250 mg, 500 mg, 1000 mg of Hibiscus sabdarfialeaf extract per Kg body weight for 8 weeks. The rats in each group were fed with rat feed and water ad libitum.Administration was by means of an oral cannula.At the end of each experimental period, the rats were sacrificedby cervical dislocation, the testes were harvested and immediately fixed in Bouin’s fluid for histological procedure. However, as soon as the animals were sacrificed, the cauda epididymis was removed and semen analysis was carried out immediately.Results:There was a significant decrease in body weight of all the test groups at (P <0.05) and a significant decrease in the testes of the rats in group D when compared with the control group. Statistical analysis revealed decrease in sperm count, motility and viability with a significance decrease (P <0.05) in group D only as compared to control group. The histoarchitecture revealed significant degenerative changes characterized by vacuolization in the intestitium and seminiferous epithelium when compared with the control group.Conclusion:The aqueous leaves extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa appears to have adverse effects on the fertility of male rats especially when taken over a long period of time
ABSTRACT
Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. or also known as roselle which is rich in polyphenols, has been demonstrated to cause loweringof blood pressure in animal and clinical settings. However its exact mechanism of action particularly from polyphenoliccompounds is not clearly understood. Therefore, we aimed to determine the effects of H. sabdariffa polyphenol extract(HPE) towards vascular reactivity and its mechanism of action. The HPE was studied on isolated thoracic aortic ringsfrom normal Sprague-Dawley rats, suspended in a 15-ml organ chambers containing Krebs-Henseleit solution. Thechanges in tension were recorded by isometric transducer connected to data acquisition. HPE relaxed the contractioninduced by phenylephrine (PE, 1 μM) in similar pattern for both endothelium-intact and endothelium denuded aorticrings in dose-dependent manner 0.1 ~ 0.9 mg/ml. The pretreatment with atropine (1 μM), a competitive muscarinicantagonist, and propranolol (1 μM), a non-selective beta- blocker did not alter HPE vasorelaxation response. In addition,HPE did not inhibit the contraction induced by extracellular Ca2+ precontracted by PE (1 μM) or KCl (60 mM), in Ca2+-free solution, suggesting that the relaxation effect of HPE was not via inhibition of calcium channels. In conclusion,HPE demonstrated vasorelaxation effects on rat thoracic aorta although the underlying mechanism is still unknown.The vasorelaxation effect could be via angiotensin type 1 receptor inhibition in the vascular smooth muscle cells or theactivation of hyperpolarizing K+ chan
ABSTRACT
@#Aims:In this paper we conducted a laboratory experiment to assess the biological characters and maturity level of three organic materials: filter cake (FC), spent mushroom substrate (SMS) and fermented grass (FG), through microbial activity and phytotoxicity.Methodology and results:Each sample was determined for physicochemical parameters, microbial activity and phytotoxicity. Microorganism population was counted by spreading plate method and microbial activities were tested by measuring fluorescein diacetate (FDA) hydrolysis and dehydrogenase activity (DHA). The phytotoxicity evaluation by seed germination was tested on Hibiscus sabdariffa (Roselle),Abelmoschus esculentus (Okra) and Oryza sativa (Rice). The results showed that all substrates have suitable physicochemical values that could be used as soil amendments. These organic matters are a rich source of microorganisms (>107 CFU/g), especially plant growth promoting bacteria (ranging from 104 to 106CFU/g). The high value of FDA (ranging from 1.609 to 1.621 mg/g) and DHA activity (ranging from 153.95 to 179.92 μg/g)suggested a high degree of microbial activity in the organic amendment samples. Combining with germination index values in seed germination, most GI values indicate non-toxicity of those substrates, with the exception of fermented grass in germination of H.sabdariffa.Conclusion, significance and impact of study:The result from this study proposes that these substrates can be considered as potential amendments to support soil property.
ABSTRACT
Aim: Investigating and comparing the effect of administration of different preparations of the commonly-consumed Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn (Zobo) drinks on haematological parameters. Study Design: Comparative study using animal models (Wistar Albino Rats) with daily administration of the same concentration of different zobo drink samples. Place and Duration of Study: University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Rivers State, Nigeria and its environs between November 2014 and February 2015. Methodology: Thirty (30) Wistar albino rats were grouped into six (6) groups of five rats each. Group A served as the control and B was administered an unblended zobo drink. Groups C – E were administered locally-produced zobo samples and group F was a National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC)-branded zobo drink. A concentration of 200 mg/kg body weight of the samples was administered orally to groups B–F for 21 days. Packed cell volume (PCV), haemoglobin count, white blood cell (WBC) count, red blood cell (RBC) count, platelets, neutrophils, lymphocytes, mean cell haemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean cell haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) were analyzed and compared. Results: The White blood cell (WBC) count and percentage lymphocytes were significantly lower (P < 0.05), while Haemoglobin, Packed cell volume, Red blood cell (RBC) count and Platelet count were significantly higher (P < 0.05) when compared with the control. Percentage neutrophils showed no significant difference (P > 0.05) compared with the control. Conclusion: The zobo drinks possess haematocrit properties that result in higher levels of blood volume and may be used for the management of anaemia. They also possess the ability to reduce WBC count.
ABSTRACT
Objective To provide in vitro evidence for antidiabetic activity through potential inhibition of α-glucosidase enzyme, glucose diffusion and enhancement in the wound healing using methanolic extract and fractions from Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. fruit. Methods The inhibitory action of methanolic extract and fractions of such fruit on α-glucosidase enzyme and glucose movement through in vitro assay assessment was reported. Their activities on wound healing were tested using the scratch assay. Results Ethyl acetate fraction at 50 mg/mL concentration exhibited significant α-glucosidase inhibition (95.79 mg/mL) with P < 0.05. At the same concentration, the methanolic extract as well as other fractions revealed lower α-glucosidase inhibition and higher glucose diffusion retardation across the dialysis tube than the control. Ethyl acetate and butanol fractions displayed notably higher glucose diffusion inhibitory activity of 5.21 mmol/L and 5.2 mmol/L, respectively as compared to methanolic extract and n-hexane fraction of 6.58 mmol/L and 6.49 mmol/L, respectively. Conversely, compared to other fractions the methanolic extract and ethyl acetate fraction manifested proliferative effect at the incubation time of 6 h during the wound healing study. Conclusions It is established that methanolic extract and fractions from H. sabdariffa Linn. fruit can inhibit the α-glucosidase enzyme and glucose movement as well as influence the wound healing activity positively.
ABSTRACT
Skin aging is a complex biological process due to intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Free radical oxidative is one of extrinsic factors that induce activation of collagenase, elastase and hyaluronidase. Natural product from plants has been used as antioxidant and antiaging. This study aimed to evaluate antioxidant and antiaging properties of Hibiscus sabdariffa extract (HSE) and its compounds including myricetin, ascorbic acid, and β carotene. The phytochemical of H. sabdariffa was determined using modified Farnsworth method and presence of phenols, flavonoids and tannins were in moderate content, whereas triterpenoids and alkaloids were in low content. Total phenolic content performed using Folin-Ciocalteu method, was 23.85 µg GAE/mg. Quantitative analysis of myricetin, β-carotene, and ascorbic acid of HSE was performed with Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography (UHPLC) that shows 78.23 µg/mg myricetin, 0.034 µg/mg β-carotene, whilst ascorbic acid was not detected. HSE has lower activity on DPPH (IC₅₀ = 195.73 µg/mL) compared to β-carotene, the lowest in ABTS assay (IC50 = 74.58 µg/mL) and low activity in FRAP assay (46.24 µM Fe(II)/µg) compared to myricetin, β-carotene. Antiaging was measured through inhibitory activity of collagenase, elastase, and hyaluronidase. HSE had weakest collagenase inhibitory activity (IC₅₀= 750.33 µg/mL), elastase inhibitory activity (103.83 µg/mL), hyaluronidase inhibitory activity (IC₅₀ = 619.43 µg/mL) compared to myricetin, β-carotene, and ascorbic acid. HSE contain higher myricetin compared to β-carotene. HSE has moderate antioxidants and lowest antiaging activities. Myricetin is the most active both antioxidant and antiaging activities.
Subject(s)
Alkaloids , Antioxidants , Ascorbic Acid , Biological Phenomena , Carotenoids , Chromatography, Liquid , Collagenases , Flavonoids , Hibiscus , Hyaluronoglucosaminidase , Methods , Pancreatic Elastase , Phenol , Phenols , Skin Aging , TanninsABSTRACT
Objective:To provide in vitro evidence for antidiabetic activity through potential inhibition of α-glucosidase enzyme,glucose diffusion and enhancement in the wound healing using methanolic extract and fractions from Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn.fruit.Methods:The inhibitory action of methanolic extract and fractions of such fruit on α-glucosidase enzyme and glucose movement through in vitro assay assessment was reported.Their activities on wound healing were tested using the scratch assay.Results:Ethyl acetate fraction at 50 mg/mL concentration exhibited significant α-glucosidase inhibition (95.79 mg/mL) with P ＜ 0.05.At the same concentration,the methanolic extract as well as other fractions revealed lower α-glucosidase inhibition and higher glucose diffusion retardation across the dialysis tube than the control.Ethyl acetate and butanol fractions displayed notably higher glucose diffusion inhibitory activity of 5.21 mmol/L and 5.2 mmol/L,respectively as compared to methanolic extract and n-hexane fraction of 6.58 mmol/L and 6.49 mmol/L,respectively.Conversely,compared to other fractions the methanolic extract and ethyl acetate fraction manifested proliferative effect at the incubation time of 6 h during the wound healing study.Conclusions:It is established that methanolic extract and fractions from H.sabdariffa Linu.fruit can inhibit the α-glucosidase enzyme and glucose movement as well as influence the wound healing activity positively.
ABSTRACT
Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. (roselle) is a polyphenol rich fruit. This study aimed to identify the neuroprotective effect of roselle on LPS-induced cell proliferation and nitric oxide-induced free radical in microglia and neuroblastoma cells. MTT assay was used to identify the appropriate concentration of roselle and LPS for microglia and neuroblastoma cells proliferation study. Griess assay were used to determine the level of nitric oxide accumulated based on the reaction of Griess to estimate the activity of iNOS in nitric oxide production. The results showed that roselle at the concentration of 50 μg/mL and 100 μg/mL and LPS at concentration of 1 μg/mL does not give cytotoxic effect towards microglia C8-B4 and neuroblastoma LN18 cells. The roselle treatment at 50 μg/mL and 100 μg/mL showed a protective effect on LPS-induced microglia C8-B4 cells. However, in neuroblastoma LN18 cells, no protective effect was seen on both 50 μg/mL and 100 μg/mL of roselle treatment following induction with 1 μg/mL of LPS. On the other hand, the production of nitric oxide (NO) was reduced when LPS-induced microglia C8-B4 cells were treated with 50 μg/mL of roselle. Treatment of roselle at concentration 100 μg/mL on LPS-induced neuroblastoma LN18 cells also reduced the production of nitric oxide. As a conclusion, roselle had the ability to give neuroprotective effect by the inhibition of LPS induction activity on microglia activation for normal and cancer cells at different concentrations.
Subject(s)
HibiscusABSTRACT
Aims: Hibiscus sabdariffa is a medicinal plant species that is consumed for its health benefits in Africa, therefore this study investigated the antioxidant properties of Hibiscus polyphenolic rich extract (HPE), prepared from Hibiscus sabdariffa. Place and Duration of Study: School of Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool, United Kingdom, between June 2009 and December 2010. Methodology: The antioxidant assays evaluated the scavenging abilities of HPE: Firstly against superoxide ions generated during the xanthine oxidase mediated breakdown of xanthine to uric acid. Secondly against ABTS (2,2-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline 6-sulfonic acid)) radical cation generated by filtering a solution of ABTS through manganese dioxide powder and potassium persulphate. Finally metal chelation ability of HPE against Iron ions (Fe2+) induced oxidative damage in cultured Jurkat-T cells was also assessed. Results: The results showed that 1.0% and 2.5% (v/v) diethyl ether extract of HPE significantly inhibited superoxide ions by 42.35 and 100.00% respectively. The extract also inhibited uric acid production, which suggest that components of HPE inhibit xanthine oxidase activity. In addition, it was found that HPE scavenge ABTS radical cations in dose dependent manner. HPE inhibited Fe2+-mediated lipid peroxidation in cultured Jurkat-T cells supplemented with 0.5 mg/ml and 1.0 mg/ml of HPE by 19.67% and 31.69% respectively, metal chelation ability was identified as a potential mechanism behind this observed reduction. Conclusions: HPE is rich in different phenolic compounds; therefore strong antioxidant potential of HPE observed in this study may be related to their polyphenolic constituents. This study demonstrated that Hibiscus sabdariffa is an efficient antioxidant plant species in vitro and may be beneficial in reducing oxidative damage to lipid and thus prevent or reduce the development and progression of free radical mediated diseases.
ABSTRACT
RESUMO O uso de adubos verdes e/ou de plantas de cobertura é uma técnica que vem sendo difundida para o cultivo de espécies medicinais, por garantir a sustentabilidade do solo agrícola, ser flexível em seu uso e por melhorar a atividade biológica do solo. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o uso de culturas de cobertura para incrementar a produção de massa de plantas de vinagreira, pimenta rosa e carobinha. Foram avaliadas duas espécies de leguminosas tropicais (mucuna preta e feijão de porco) como cobertura do solo e uma testemunha (sem cultura de cobertura) e três espécies medicinais (vinagreira, pimenta rosa e carobinha). O experimento foi arranjado em esquema de parcelas subdivididas, tendo nas parcelas as coberturas vegetais e nas subparcelas, as plantas medicinais. As plantas para a cobertura vegetal foram propagadas por semeadura direta no local de cultivo, enquanto as medicinais foram transplantadas diretamente entre a palhada da cobertura vegetal. A produção da mucuna preta foi de 8,37 t ha-1 de massa seca e do feijão de porco, de 14,37 t ha-1 de massa seca. O uso das culturas de cobertura contribuiu para uma maior biomassa microbiana do solo. As produções de massas frescas de folhas, caules e frutos de vinagreira e de frutos da pimenta rosa foram maiores quando cultivadas em sucessão às coberturas vegetais do solo, independente da espécie. As produções da carobinha foram semelhantes quando cultivadas em áreas com ou sem a cobertura. Visando à maior produtividade da vinagreira e pimenta rosa, são indicadas as culturas antecessoras feijão de porco e mucuna preta.
ABSTRACT The use of green manure and/or cover crops is a technique that has been widespread for the cultivation of medicinal species, since it ensures the sustainability of agricultural soil, is flexible in its use, and improves biological activity in the soil. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of cover crops to increase biomass production of roselle, Brazilian peppertree, and carobinha plants. Two species of tropical legumes (black velvet bean and jack bean) were evaluated as ground covers, and also assessed were one control plot (without cover crops) and three medicinal species (roselle, Brazilian peppertree, and carobinha). The experiment was arranged in a split-plot design, where the plots had cover crops and the subplots contained the medicinal plants. The plants for the cover crop were propagated by direct sowing in the growing site, while the medicinal ones were transplanted directly between the cover crop. The dry mass production of the velvet beans and jack beans were 8.37 t ha-1 and 14.37 t, respectively. The use of cover crops contributed to the increased microbial biomass of the soil. The production of dry mass of leaves, stems, and fruits of roselle and fruits of Brazilian peppertree were higher when grown in succession to the crop cover for the soil, regardless of the species. The production of carobinha was similar when grown in areas with or without the cover. To increase the yield of roselle and Brazilian peppertree, preceding crops of jack bean and black velvet bean are recommended.
Subject(s)
Jacaranda caroba/analysis , Canavalia/classification , Mucuna/classification , Efficiency/classification , Plants, Medicinal/classification , Hibiscus/classificationABSTRACT
Objectives: Patients undergoing surgery involving general anesthesia often suffer from hypothermia, which is associated with various complications. External heating and warming are used to combat hypothermia throughout surgery; however their effectiveness is often limited. In this study we investigated a unique approach utilizing a natural physiological mechanism; protective cutaneous vasoconstriction for reducing peri-anesthetic hypothermia. The concept is based on the dermal application of a cream with vasoconstrictive alpha adrenergic agonist properties designed for this purpose; “thermal cream” (TC). Topical application of the cream was tested in a rodent model. The aim of the present study was to test the efficacy of a topical vasoconstrictive application in reducing peri-anesthetic hypothermia. Materials and Methods: Adult Wistar rats were divided into two experimental arms: application of thermal cream was compared to application of a base cream without any active compound (control) under the same conditions. The rats were exposed to an ambient temperature of 21ºC. Their skin and core temperatures were measured and compared before, during and after anesthesia. Results: The rats underwent rapid hypothermia immediately after the induction of anesthesia. The rats treated with thermal cream had a significantly higher core body temperature than the controls throughout the entire anesthetic period. This difference was even greater when the cream had been applied before the animal underwent anesthesia. Conclusions: The thermal cream was effective in attenuating peri-anesthetic-induced hypothermia in a rodent model. It was easy to apply with no immediate mortality or other major adverse events.
ABSTRACT
Aqueous extracts of Roselle or Hibiscus sabdariffa L calyces have characteristic intense red colouration due to the presence of anthocyanins which could be utilised as colouring agent in pharmaceutical products. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the potential of aqueous extract of H. sabdariffa calyces as a colouring agent in three pediatric oral pharmaceutical formulations. The colour value of H. sabdariffa calyx extract was determined colorimetrically at λmax 540 nm to be within the BP range of ≥ 0.25. The colour value of H. sabdariffa (0.26) was lower than that of amaranth (0.46), a synthetic commercial pharmaceutical colourant. H. sabdariffa calyx extract retained its colour value within the BP standard for up to six months. The aqueous extract of H. sabdariffa calyces at 33 % w/v was used as colouring agent in paracetamol syrup, diphenhydramine syrup and pediatric cough linctus and the colour stability of the formulations against temperature, light and pH were determined. H. sabdariffa calyx extract was less stable than amaranth to temperature, light and pH when used as a colouring agent. H. sabdariffa calyx extract at 33 % w/v has potential as a colouring agent in pharmaceutical formulations when buffered at pH 5.0, packaged in amber bottles and stored at low temperatures (26-37 °C).
ABSTRACT
Background: Hibiscus sabdariffa is a medicinal plant rich in phytochemical compounds, which is the source of its biological properties. This study on the aqueous extract of H. sabdariffa (AEHS) was conducted to assess its hepatoprotective and antioxidant properties. Methods: It was carried out with 25 Wistar rats divided into five groups. Two groups were treated with a solution of NaCl 0.9%. One group was treated with silymarin at a dose of 25 mg/kg body weight (BW). Two other groups were treated with the AEHS at different doses (100 and 200 mg/kg BW). The treatments were carried out via oral route and at single dose for 7 days. After injection of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH), blood samples were collected for the carrying out of biochemical analyses of oxidative stress markers (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, ferric reduction antioxidant parameter, and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and hepatotoxicity (albumin, total and direct bilirubin, alanine transaminase, aspartate aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase). Results: Three major results were obtained. The hepatotoxicity of DNPH expressed by the rats of Group 1 was significantly different (p<0.05) from those of the other groups (control, 2-4) for both hepatotoxicity and oxidative stress markers. The hepatoprotective and antioxidant properties of the AEHS and confirmation of those of silymarin through the rats of Groups 2-4 were statistically identical (p<0.05) to the control group for markers of hepatotoxicity and oxidative stress. Conclusion: These results confirm and reinforce certain therapeutic virtues of H sabdariffa.
ABSTRACT
Hibiscus sabdariffa L. (Malvaceae), conocida como "hibisco" y "flor de Jamaica", es empleada en la elaboración de té y de bebidas refrescantes libres de cafeína. La infusión es empleada como diurética, carminativa, colerética y laxante. El objetivo del trabajo fue determinar los parámetros farmacobotánicos y fitoquímicos (polifenoles) aplicables al control de calidad en un laboratorio de baja complejidad. Se analizaron muestras comerciales de flores de hibisco. Se realizaron disociados leves, infusiones y extractos hidroalcohólicos. El análisis microscópico permitió determinar la presencia de: epidermis con estomas anomocíticos; tricomas eglandulares cónicos; tricomas flexuosos; tricomas glandulares no capitados; tricomas glandulares capitados; tráqueas espiraladas; fibroesclereidas y drusas. Perfil de antocianos: se caracterizó por la presencia de dos bandas principales correspondientes a delfinidina-3-glucosilxilósido y cianidina-3-glucosilxilósido. En algunas muestras se detectó una tercera banda, de menor intensidad, que correspondería a cianidina-3-glucósido. Cuantificación de fenoles: las infusiones presentaron valores entre 6,27 a 14,84 EAG (equivalentes de ácido gálico: mg de ácido gálico/g mat. seco). Los extractos hidroalcohólicos entre 8,70 a 19,56 EAG. Cuantificación de antocianos: las infusiones presentaron valores entre 0,25 a 5,95 ECG (equivalentes de cianidina-glucósido: mg de cianidina-3-glucósido/g mat. seco). Los extractos hidroalcohólicos entre 0,40 a 7,80 ECG. Cuantificación de flavonoides: las infusiones presentaron valores entre 0,45 a 1,30 ER (equivalentes de rutina: mg de rutina/g mat. seco). Los extractos hidroalcohólicos, entre 0,50 a 1,35 ER. Cuantificación de ácidos hidroxicinámicos: las infusiones presentaron valores entre 2,35 a 7,60 EAC (equivalentes de ácido clorogénico: mg de ácido clorogénico/g mat. seco). Los extractos hidroalcohólicos, entre 3,95 a 8,80 EAC. Las técnicas empleadas constituyen un punto de partida para la validación de los diferentes parámetros empleados en el control de calidad de muestras y extractos de hibisco, aplicables en un laboratorio de baja complejidad. (AU)